
International Council of Nordic Walking
A scientific organization to give boost to Nordic Walking research, education and overall development worldwide.
RESEARCH




ICNW closely monitors general international research activities focused on the human body and human movement, sports science and sports medicine, as well as specific researches on Nordic Walking / pole walking. ICNW also actively participates in various research projects.
The aim is to apply the latest scientific research findings and discoveries relevant to the discipline as quickly as possible to Modern Nordic Walking education and teaching.

Mika Venojärvi (PhD, Adjunct Professor, Researcher at the University of Eastern Finland), is the Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of ICNW. He has participated in various Nordic Walking research projects.
Scientific research on Nordic Walking
Hundreds of scientific research articles on Nordic Walking / pole walking have been published during the last 20 years all over the world. To search and to read them, keywords like "nordic walking", "pole walking" and "nordic pole walking", or even "trekking", can be used on databases like Medline (Pubmed), Cochrane (Cochrane Library) and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro).
Here below some of the latest studies.
Effect of Nordic Walking on Anthropometrics, Glycemia, and Lipid Profile in Adults With Prediabetes or Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Chen S, An X, Wu A, Liu Y, Lebaka VR, Lvks B, Korivi M, Ye W, Li Z.
J Diabetes Res. 2026 Jan 8;2026:5886930. doi: 10.1155/jdr/5886930. eCollection 2026.
PMID: 41523744
Effects of a treadmill and oculomotor dual-task intervention vs. -nordic walking on balance in Parkinson's disease patients - a pilot study.
Niering M, Wirth C, Beurskens R, Ueding E, Fischer T, Seifert J.
Clin Park Relat Disord. 2025 Sep 8;13:100392. doi: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100392. eCollection 2025.
PMID: 41492353
Effects of Adapted Physical Activity Programs on Body Composition and Sports Performance in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease: A Case Report.
Zaccagni L, Rinaldo N, Campanale G, Pastore A, Rametta F, Gualdi-Russo E.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Dec 5;13(24):3195. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13243195.
PMID: 41464265
[Nordic Walking: A Health Tool in Post-Lung Transplant Rehabilitation].
Gómez-Garrido A, Mayer-Frutos AI, Roca-Escrihuela R, Gásquez-Aguilar O, Dávalos-Yerovi V.
Rehabilitacion (Madr). 2025 Dec 18;60(1):100954. doi: 10.1016/j.rh.2025.100954. Online ahead of print.
PMID: 41418685. Spanish
Efficacy of Nordic Walking Versus Conventional Gait Training on Gait Asymmetry Patterns in Children With Hemiparesis.
Nashed MA, Elnegmy EH, El-Tohamy AM, Abd-Elmonem AM.
Physiother Res Int. 2026 Jan;31(1):e70139. doi: 10.1002/pri.70139.
PMID: 41346090
The Effect of Nordic Walking on Knee-Ankle Coordination Patterns in the Sagittal Plane: A Vector Coding Analysis.
Kong T, Lee G, Lee J, Kim H.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2025 Dec 3. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003894. Online ahead of print.
PMID: 41343838
An Experimental Program of Adapted Physical Activity in the Form of Nordic Walking in the Recovery Process of People with Schizophrenia (Preliminary Report).
Zwierzchowska A, Rosołek B, Bula-Nagły A, Grzywocz R, Celebańska D, Gutowska A, Maszczyk A.
Brain Sci. 2025 Nov 3;15(11):1189. doi: 10.3390/brainsci15111189.
PMID: 41300196
Effect of a 12-week bungy pump training on cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic syndrome factors and body composition in postmenopausal women.
Niu Y, Radzimiński Ł, Qian G, Szwarc A, Ossowski Z.
Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 25;15(1):41938. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-25909-1.
PMID: 41290844
Dataset on Gait Analysis of Parkinsonian Subjects: Effect of Nordic Walking.
Viglialoro RM, Centrone A, Mattei L, Dalise S, Ferrari NA, Azzollini V, Chisari C, Di Puccio F.
Sci Data. 2025 Nov 21;12(1):1937. doi: 10.1038/s41597-025-06209-9.
PMID: 41271809
Effects of Nordic Walking on Physical Fitness in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review.
Casanovas-Álvarez A, Mur-Gimeno E, Masià Ayala J, Fernández-Jané C, Sebio-Garcia R.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Sep 29;17(19):3170. doi: 10.3390/cancers17193170.
PMID: 41097698
Aerobic Training-Induced Changes in Sedentary Time, Non-Exercise Physical Activity, and Sleep Among Breast Cancer Survivors and Postmenopausal Women Without Cancer.
Sartor F, Ditali L, Sirtori G, Morano T, Lancia F, Di Marco A, Izzicupo P, Di Baldassarre A, Gallina S, Pesce M, Grossi S, Grassadonia A, Vamvakis A, Bucci I, Napolitano G, Di Blasio A.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Sep 29;13(19):2471. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13192471.
PMID: 41095558
The effects of Nordic walking on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li H, Zhu K, Gan J, Wang Z, Gao Z, Liu L, Guo X, Niu J.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2025 Sep 17;17:1666449. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1666449. eCollection 2025.
PMID: 41040812
Effect of short-term exercise with different programs on prevention of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial.
Pan N, Krasowska K, Zbigniew O.
PLoS One. 2025 Sep 30;20(9):e0333171. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0333171. eCollection 2025.
PMID: 41026715
Spine Kinematic Alterations in Nordic Walking Under Two Different Speeds of 3 and 5 km/h-A Pilot Study.
Ivanov I, Tchorbadjieff A, Hristov O, Peev P, Gutev G, Ivanova S.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025 Aug 28;10(3):330. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10030330.
PMID: 40981029
Effects of Nordic Walking in people with respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Vilanova-Pereira M, Barral-Fernández M, Labata-Lezaun N, Llurda-Almuzara L, Pérez-Bellmunt A, Jácome C, Lista-Paz A.
J Rehabil Med. 2025 Sep 14;57:jrm43090. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v57.43090.
PMID: 40947882
Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Harding S, Richardson A, Glynn A, Hodgson L.
COPD. 2025 Dec;22(1):2482710. doi: 10.1080/15412555.2025.2482710. Epub 2025 Apr 9.
PMID: 40719387
Social and demographic determinants of Nordic Walking practice models.
Szymczak W, Jurek K, Dobrogowska M.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21265. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05043-8.
PMID: 40594011
Exercise interventions in patients with multiple myeloma: a scoping review.
Li J, Peng Y, Zhan D, Zhang Y, Yu S.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Jun 9;17(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01193-4.
PMID: 40490782
The effect of nordic walking with poles with an integrated resistance shock absorber on muscle stiffness and elasticity indicators in postmenopausal women.
Wochna K, Stemplewski R, Leszczyński P, Kocur P.
Front Physiol. 2025 May 21;16:1587514. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1587514. eCollection 2025.
PMID: 40470353
The Effects of Exercise Intervention in Older Adults With and Without Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review.
Cabrolier-Molina J, Martín-Rodríguez A, Clemente-Suárez VJ.
Sports (Basel). 2025 May 19;13(5):152. doi: 10.3390/sports13050152.
PMID: 40423288
Testing an Innovative Gait Training Program in Immersive Virtual Reality for Healthy Older Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Mascret N, Delbes L, Goulon C, Montagne G.
JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 May 21;14:e57866. doi: 10.2196/57866.
PMID: 40397488
Exploring the health benefits of outdoor exercise for cancer survivors: a systematic review of more than 700 individuals.
Ortega-Gómez S, Di Bartolo L, Velissari J, Gomes B, Pusa S, Thaller J, Papakonstantinou S, Kirkar M, Iannitto E, Moura N, Nogueira C, Ponce-González JG, Baxter R, Tavares P, Vantarakis A, Bianco A, Carbonell-Baeza A, Jiménez-Pavón D; OACCUs consortium.
Syst Rev. 2025 May 7;14(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s13643-025-02834-y.
PMID: 40336008
A Six-Month Nordic Walking Program for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Feasibility and Effect.
Dunsky A, Barak S.
J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2025 May;38(3):e70063. doi: 10.1111/jar.70063.
PMID: 40302657
Effectiveness of alternative exercises in cardiac rehabilitation for program completion and outcomes in women with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Suebkinorn O, Ramos JS, Grace SL, Gebremichael LG, Bulamu NB, Pinero de Plaza MA, Dafny HA, Pearson V, Bulto LN, Chen RT, Rattanakanokchai S, Ghisi GLM, Marin T, Nesbitt K, Gulyani A, Hines S, Dalleck LC, Hendriks JM, Clark RA, Beleigoli A.
JBI Evid Synth. 2025 Jun 1;23(6):1041-1076. doi: 10.11124/JBIES-24-00457. Epub 2025 Jun 6.
PMID: 40296448
The Effect of Nordic Walking Intervention (NORDIN-JOY) on Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Their Families: A Multicenter Randomized Crossover Study.
González-Devesa D, Ayán-Pérez C, González-Devesa E, Diz-Gómez JC.
Clin Pract. 2025 Mar 6;15(3):53. doi: 10.3390/clinpract15030053.
PMID: 40136589
Influence of systematic standard and Nordic walking training on exercise tolerance and body weight components in women over 55 years of age.
Knappova V, Dorota K, Anna W, Kavalirova G, Zbigniew N, Gabryś T, Agata NL.
Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Mar 10;7:1568491. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1568491. eCollection 2025.
PMID: 40129521
Effect of Nordic walking on walking ability in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis.
Sun Z, Zhang J, Fang Y, Qian Y.
PLoS One. 2025 Mar 10;20(3):e0316092. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316092. eCollection 2025.
PMID: 40063592
The Positive Effects of Training and Time-Restricted Eating in Gut Microbiota Biodiversity in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.
Czerwińska-Ledwig O, Nowak-Zaleska A, Żychowska M, Meyza K, Pałka T, Dzidek A, Szlachetka A, Jurczyszyn A, Piotrowska A.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 27;17(1):61. doi: 10.3390/nu17010061.
PMID: 39796496
The Nordic-walking mechanism and its explanation of deconfined pseudocriticality from Wess-Zumino-Witten theory.
Hawashin B, Eichhorn A, Janssen L, Scherer MM, Ray S.
Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 2;16(1):20. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54884-w.
PMID: 39747814
Values associated with Nordic Walking: An international cross-sectional survey among individuals practicing walking with poles.
Szymczak W, Jurek K, Dobrogowska M.
PLoS One. 2024 Dec 27;19(12):e0314171. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314171. eCollection 2024.
PMID: 39729455
The Influence of Nordic Walking Training on the Serum Levels of Sirtuins, FOXO3a, and Vitamin D Metabolites in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.
Czerwińska-Ledwig O, Żychowska M, Jurczyszyn A, Kryst J, Dzidek A, Zuziak R, Jurczyszyn A, Piotrowska A.
Curr Oncol. 2024 Dec 14;31(12):7960-7970. doi: 10.3390/curroncol31120587.
PMID: 39727710
The effects of nordic walking on the cardiovascular risk factors in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Liu J, Kim JH.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2025 Feb;129:105663. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105663. Epub 2024 Oct 18.
PMID: 39476525
Effectiveness of an Exercise and Educational-Based Prehabilitation Program in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (PREOptimize) on Functional Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Casanovas-Álvarez A, Estanyol B, Ciendones M, Padròs J, Cuartero J, Barnadas A, García-Valdecasas B, González-Colom R, Sebio-García R, Masià J.
Phys Ther. 2024 Dec 6;104(12):pzae151. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzae151.
PMID: 39423256
Effectiveness of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Enhancing Clinical Outcomes for Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Analysis.
Myneni P, Bodduluri M, Gadde ST, Nimmagadda R, Manvitha M, Valiveti SC, Sahu S, Younas S.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 11;16(9):e69224. doi: 10.7759/cureus.69224. eCollection 2024 Sep.
PMID: 39398827
Oxygen Consumption, Ventilatory Thresholds, and Work Zones in Nordic Walking Competitors.
Serna-Martínez M, Ribes-Hernández S, Martínez-González-Moro I.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Sep 19;9(3):171. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9030171.
PMID: 39311279
Unlocking the potential of exercise: harnessing myokines to delay musculoskeletal aging and improve cognitive health.
Gao X, Chen Y, Cheng P.
Front Physiol. 2024 Sep 2;15:1338875. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1338875. eCollection 2024.
PMID: 39286235
A systematic review and meta-analysis of Nordic walking for chronic heart failure with low left ventricular ejection fraction.
Dhamayanti AS, Rahmad R, Rachmawati S, Waranugraha Y.
PM R. 2025 Feb;17(2):210-221. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.13254. Epub 2024 Aug 31.
PMID: 39215750
The Association of Genetic Markers Involved in Muscle Performance Responding to Lactate Levels during Physical Exercise Therapy by Nordic Walking in Patients with Long COVID Syndrome: A Nonrandomized Controlled Pilot Study.
Lizcano-Álvarez Á, Varillas-Delgado D, Cano-de-la-Cuerda R, Jiménez-Antona C, Melián-Ortiz A, Molero-Sánchez A, Laguarta-Val S.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 30;25(15):8305. doi: 10.3390/ijms25158305.
PMID: 39125881
Experiences of Patients with Breast Cancer Participating in a Prehabilitation Program: A Qualitative Study.
Casanovas-Álvarez A, Sebio-Garcia R, Masià J, Mateo-Aguilar E.
J Clin Med. 2024 Jun 26;13(13):3732. doi: 10.3390/jcm13133732.
PMID: 38999298
Nordic Walking as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Chronic Pain and Fatigue: Systematic Review.
González-Devesa D, Varela S, Sanchez-Lastra MA, Ayán C.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Jun 8;12(12):1167. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12121167.
PMID: 38921282
Effects of Nordic Walking on Functional Capacity of Women Cohort with Breast Cancer.
Vuckovic M, Bazdaric K, Salibasic A, Loncar V, Slivsek G, Segulja S, Sorta-Bilajac Turina I.
Curr Oncol. 2024 May 25;31(6):2974-2984. doi: 10.3390/curroncol31060226.
PMID: 38920710
The PAD-adapted 30-20-10 during Nordic walking: A new exercise training session in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease.
Hagen P, Malatesta D, Calanca L, Mazzolai L, Lanzi S.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jun 21;103(25):e38601. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038601.
PMID: 38905371